自然环境
01 The flood did a lot of damages to crops.
洪水毁坏了大量农作物。
常用单词
flood [fl?d] n. 洪水
crop [kr?p] n. 农作物，庄稼
学学这样说
1. The floodwater receded. 洪水退了。
2. The flood is going down. 洪水渐退。
3. Rice fields were flooded. 稻田被淹没了。
4. The flood burst the dyke. 洪水冲垮了堤坝。
5. Debris flow has wiped out much fertile land. 泥石流摧毁了大片肥沃的土地。
补充短语
wipe out 彻底摧毁
fertile land 肥沃的土地
02 The village is cut off by the flood.
村子被洪水隔绝了。
解析 ▲ be cut off by意思是“被……隔绝”，注意与词组be cut off from（与……隔开）的区别。
学学这样说
1. The flood washed out the road. 洪水冲坏了道路。
2. A lot of villages were absorbed into the flood. 很多村庄被洪水吞没了。
3. Many houses were carried away by the flood. 许多房子被洪水冲走。
4. The village was overwhelmed when the floods came.
这个村庄在洪水泛滥时被淹没了。
5. The flood made so many people homeless. 这场洪水让许多人无家可归。
补充短语
wash out 冲坏
be absorbed into 被吞没，沉浸于
be carried away 被冲走，被带走
03 Heavy rain will wash away the soil and cause serious flood as well.
大雨不但会冲走土壤，而且还会引起严重的水灾。
解析 ▲ wash away是一个动词词组，意思是“冲走”。其中的away是副词，后面跟名词或者代词作宾语。
常用单词
soil [s??l] n. 泥土，土地
学学这样说
1. Flood ours every year. 洪水年年发生。
2. The floods are a disaster. 洪水是一种灾害。
3. The river floods in spring. 这条河在春天里容易泛滥。
4. The flood and waterlog disasters happened quite often last year.
去年洪涝灾害发生得很频繁。
04 Aording to the newspaper, a town was razed by an earthquake and housand people died in it.
据报道，地震把一个城镇夷为平地，有一万多人在那次灾难中丧生。
常用单词
raze [re?z] v. 彻底摧毁，将……夷为平地
earthquake ['?:θkwe?k] n. 地震，大变动
学学这样说
1. The daily flight to the city has been temporarily suspended due to the earthquake. 因为地震，每天飞往这个城市的航班被暂停了。
2. y were destroyed. 城市里大多数的房子都被毁了。
3. The earthquake yesterday aounted for five deaths. 昨天的地震使5人丧生。
4. Tsunami has killed millions upon millions of people. 海啸造成了数百万人的死亡。
5. Plague came in the wake of earthquake. 地震之后紧跟着的就是瘟疫。
应用对话
Steven: Aording to the newspaper, a town was razed by an earthquake and housand people died in it.
Dora: It's horrible.
史蒂文：据报道，地震把一个城镇夷为平地，有一万多人在那次灾难中丧生。
多拉：太恐怖了！
05 The wall declined slightly on aount of the earthquake.
墙壁因地震而略微倾斜。
解析 ▲ on aount of是一个介词词组，意思是“因为”，后面跟表示原因的名词或者代词。该词组相当于because of（因为）。
常用单词
decline [d?'kla?n] v. 下倾，倾斜
slightly ['sla?tl?] adv. 轻微地
学学这样说
1. The experts predicted that an earthquake was i.
专家预言即将发生地震。
2. Did you feel the earthquake? 你感觉到地震了吗？
3. The ground vibrated during an earthquake. 地震时地面发生了震动。
4. A big earthquake is a catastrophe for human beings.
大地震对人类来说是灾祸。
06 The town was destroyed by an earthquake one hundred years ago.
这个小镇100年前曾被地震所破坏。
解析 ▲ be destroyed by的意思是“被……破坏”，by后面跟施动者。
学学这样说
1. An earthquake struck the country. 地震袭击该国。
2. Earthquakes our frequently in Japan. 日本时常发生地震。
3. A violent earthquake ourred there. 那里发生了强烈的地震。
4. It was just the aftershock in the afternoon.
下午的地震仅是余震。
5. It's said that the earthquake was one of the worst catastrophes of the century. 据说那次地震是世纪性的灾难之一。
07 An extinct volcano has ceased to be able to explode.
死火山已不再喷发。
解析 ▲ cease to do sth意思是“停止做某事”，相当于cease doing sth。
学学这样说
1. The volcano is in eruption. 火山正在喷发。
2. Vesuvius erupts once in a while. 维苏威火山偶尔喷发。
3. Philippine s once more. 菲律宾马容火山再度爆发。
4. The eruption of a volcano is spontaneous. 火山的喷发是自发的。
5. The volcano is active. 那座火山正活跃着。
6. There have been several volcanic eruptions this year. 今年火山爆发了好几次。
7. It's a dead volcano. 那是座死火山。
8. The volcano is inactive. 这座火山已进入休眠状态。
补充短语
once in a while 偶尔
dead volcano 死火山
08 The ground treed.
火山爆发时，大地震动起来。
语法TIPS
该句中的as作连词，相当于when，引导时间状语从句。
常用单词
volcano [v?l'ke?n??] n. 火山
erupt [?'r?pt] v. 爆发
学学这样说
1. The te gases is very high. 火山气体的温度很高。
2. The volcano spewed molten lava. 火山喷出了熔岩。
3. The volcano belched out smoke and ashes. 火山喷出了烟尘。
4. A serious volcanic eruption had destroyed countless houses.
一次严重的火山喷发摧毁了无数的房屋。
5. I've never seen the streaion.
我从来没有见过火山喷发出的熔岩流。
09 After the disaster there were many people who wanted food and shelter.
这场灾难过后，很多人都饱受饥饿，无家可归。
常用单词
disaster [d?'zɑ:st?(r)] n. 灾难，灾祸
shelter ['?elt?(r)] n. 居所，避难所
学学这样说
1. We were all shocked by the disaster. 这场灾难使我们所有人大为震惊。
2. Thousands of people died in the disaster. 成千上万的人死于这场灾祸。
3. These difficulties are caused by natural disasters.
这些困难都是由自然灾害造成的。
4. The natural calamity was quite serious. 这场自然灾害很严重。
补充短语
be caused by... 由……引起
10 We would never bow to natural disasters.
我们决不向自然灾害低头。
解析 ▲ bow to是一个动词词组，本意是“向……鞠躬”，这里指“向……屈服，向……
低头”。
学学这样说
1. Human beings are learning to conquer all kinds of natural disasters.
人类正在学会征服各种自然灾害。
2. We should rally round and overe difficulties caused by the natural disaster. 我们应该团结一致，克服自然灾害造成的困难。
3. A deep ponder was given to the natural calamities.
自然灾害也给我们留下了深深的思考。
4. Even a greater natural calaot daunt us. 再大的自然灾害也压不垮我们。
5. They will triumph only by persevering in their struggle against natural calamities. 他们只有坚持与自然灾害搏斗，才能取得胜利。
补充短语
natural disaster 自然灾害
rally round 团结一致，齐心协力
11 During the drought, we have to take measures to prevent the crops from dying.
在干旱时期，我们必须采取措施防止庄稼枯死。
常用单词
drought [dra?t] n. 干旱（时期），旱灾
学学这样说
1. Many social problems cropped up in the wake of natural disasters.
自然灾害之后，出现了许多社会问题。
2. When day dawned, we could see the damage caused by the storm.
天亮时，我们可以看到暴风雨造成的破坏。